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Pan-Arab colors
The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.〔Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, ''The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs'', Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.〕 The black was the color of the banner of Muhammad and the Rashidun Caliphate; white was used by the Umayyad Caliphate; green was used by the Fatimid Caliphate; and red was the flag held by the Khawarij.〔Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, (Palestine Facts: The Meaning of the Flag ), passia.org〕 The four colors derived their potency from a verse by 14th century Iraqi poet Safi Al-Din Al-Hilli: « White are our acts, black our battles, green our fields, and red our swords ».〔Muhsin Al-Musawi, ''Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict'' (I.B.Tauris 2006), p.63〕
Pan-Arab colors were first combined in 1916 in the flag of the Arab Revolt.〔I. Friedman, ''(British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915-1922 )'', Transaction Publ., 2011, p.135〕 Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the United Arab Emirates,〔 and formerly in the flag of the brief six month union of the Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan.
It may be noted that while Libya is an Arab country and has a flag with the same four colors, the colors have a different origin in this flag and are therefore not considered pan-Arab colors.
From the 1950s onwards, a sub-set of the Pan-Arab colors, the Arab Liberation colors, came to prominence. These consist of a tricolour of red, white and black bands, with green given less prominence. The Arab Liberation colors were inspired by the use of the ''Arab Liberation Flag'' in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.〔M. Naguib Egypt's Destiny 1955〕 These appear in the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Somaliland, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, and formerly in the flags of the rival states of North Yemen and South Yemen, and in the short-lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics.
==Current flags with Pan-Arab colors==
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